Comparison of Dexamethasone and Buprenorphine as Adjuvant in Ultrasound-guided Brachial Plexus Blocks: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction Effective postoperative analgesia is imperative for orthopedic surgeries to enhance recovery and facilitate early ambulation. Various additives have been used as adjuvants with local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks to provide postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study is to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia with buprenorphine and dexamethasone when administered as an adjuvant during ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blocks. Methodology Sixty adult patients undergoing various upper arm surgeries were recruited for the study after acquiring ethics committee clearance. They were randomized into two groups of thirty; Group B was given ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block with 10 ml 2% lignocaine with adrenaline and 15 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone as adjuvant. Group B was given the same amount of local anesthetics with 0.3 mg buprenorphine as the adjuvant. The duration of postoperative analgesia and incidence of adverse events if any were noted. Results Both groups were comparable in demographics, time for onset of sensory, and motor block. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 17.4 ± 3.4 h in the buprenorphine group and 18 ± 3.49 h in the dexamethasone group. None of the patients had significant adverse effects. A single dose of buprenorphine and dexamethasone administered perineurally can provide significant postoperative analgesia for upper limb surgeries.